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Jack Landrón is an Afro-Puerto Rican folksinger, songwriter, and actor. Because he had gone by "Jackie Washington" earlier in his career, he is often confused with the Canadian Jackie Washington, (1919–2009), who was a blues and jazz performer (nor is either to be confused with the fictional, female Jackie Washington played by Jenifer Lewis in the 1999 mockumentary TV-film ''Jackie's Back''). ==Jackie Washington== Born Juán Cándido Washington y Landrón on June 2, 1938, in Puerto Rico, he grew up in the Boston, Massachusetts neighborhood of Roxbury. He studied at Emerson College as a Theater Arts major.〔 Robert Taylor. "He Sings What He Feels." Boston Herald, July 29, 1963, p. A23. 〕 As part of the Cambridge/Boston folk music scene in the early and mid-1960s, he released four albums on Vanguard—''Jackie Washington'' (1962), ''Jackie Washington/2'' (1963), ''Jackie Washington at Club 47'' (1965), and ''Morning Song'' (1967); this last LP consisted entirely of original compositions and was his first with a band. (of his albums has been released on CD but individual songs have appeared on anthologies. His sole single, for instance, "Why Won't They Let Me Be?" (1966), is included in ''Northern Soul's Classiest Rarities 2'' (Kent, 2005). ) The live album,'' Jackie Washington at Club 47'', featuring a cover collage by Eric Von Schmidt, is most representative of his act as he had a lot to say between numbers—not only setting up the contexts of the songs but also relating personal anecdotes; indeed, he could easily have worked as a stand-up comedian, and he fully appreciated the early records of Bill Cosby (nowadays, his main man comedically is Chris Rock). Vanguard, however, tried to groom him as a male counterpart to Joan Baez. He now characterizes himself as primarily a storyteller. While coming home in the early hours of December 3, 1962, Washington was arrested by the Boston Police: what happened was the subject of dispute, with the police saying that when they questioned him, Washington assaulted one of the officers 〔 "Jury is Picked to Try Singer," Boston Herald, February 5, 1963, p. 25. 〕 and Washington asserting that he was stopped, and subsequently beaten by two officers, for no reason other than his race. 〔 "Begin Probe of Brutality by Police." Boston Herald, December 15, 1962, p. 6. 〕 The case resulted in a ''cause célèbre'' which Washington's supporters believed had exposed racism in the Boston police force. 〔 Hertzberg, Hendrik, ''The Harvard Crimson'', 11 Jan 1963.〕 () Washington was ultimately acquitted of all charges, in a verdict that took the jury only five hours to reach. 〔 "Acquital Won by Folk Singer." Boston Herald, February 8, 1963, p. 9. 〕 In the summer of 1964 he participated in Freedom Schools conducted in the South, and three of his performances from his live album are included in the double-CD anthology ''Freedom Is A Constant Struggle (Songs of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement)'' (1994). At one point he was Dr. Martin Luther King's personal assistant in Mississippi.〔Tom Keyser, ''Albany Times Union'', 21 Jan 2010.]〕 () "Esta Navidad" from his first album is included in the 1995 Vanguard compilation ''A Folksinger's Christmas''. His version of the traditional English nonsense song "Nottamun Town" was the tune and arrangement used by Bob Dylan as the basis for "Masters of War", (). (Heylin in ''Revolution In the Air'' (2009) rejects this idea as "patently absurd" (p. 116), but ''Jackie Washington'', including "Nottamun Town", was released in December 1962, and ''The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan'', with "Masters of War", was released 27 May 1963; Dylan ''loved'' Washington's rendition, repeatedly requested he perform it, and asked Vanguard Records to give him a copy of Washington's debut album; Jean Ritchie, whose version Heylin and others give as Dylan's source, sings the song in a minor key but plays the accompaniment in major chords. Washington reset the melody to minor chords, and in the process changed it somewhat—Dylan liked this version and used it as the model for "Masters of War." ) Washington's role in the song's transmission is acknowledged in ''Bob Dylan by Greil Marcus: Writings 1968–2010'' (Public Affairs, 2010, p. 410). Washington taught Joan Baez "There But For Fortune" by Phil Ochs, which provided Baez with her first appearance on the singles chart. (You can tell she learned it from him because he had made a lyric change; where Ochs had written "whose face is growing pale", Jackie, being black, had substituted "whose life has grown stale"—which is how Baez sings it.) Originally managed by Manny Greenhill, Joan Baez's manager, Washington later did his own bookings. He is currently managed by Mitch Greenhill, (Manny's son), through Folklore Productions. On 25 July 1968 Jackie was master of ceremonies for a political rally supporting anti-Vietnam War presidential candidate Eugene McCarthy held at the Red Sox' Fenway Park. As the first performer to headline the Caffè Lena in Saratoga Springs, New York, in 1960, Jackie was invited back 22 January 2010 to perform as part of an ongoing celebration of the club's 50th anniversary, with Bill Staines as the opening act.〔Tom Keyser, ''Albany Times Union'', 21 Jan 2010.〕〔()〕 On 1 Feb 2013 he returned to Club Passim (formerly Club 47) in Cambridge, Mass. His first album in 45 years, ''Curbside Cotillion'', was released in 2012, his first recording as Jack Landrón. He is featured in the documentary ''For the Love of the Music: the Club 47 Folk Revival'' (2013). On 19 Dec 2014 Landrón spoke at the Cambridge Forum in Harvard Square, Massachusetts, about his experiences during Freedom Summer's voter registration drive in Mississippi in 1964. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jack Landron」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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